Criminal Law – Overview

Criminal law is the branch of law that deals with acts or behaviors considered offenses against the state or society as a whole. It defines crimes, prescribes punishments, and outlines procedures for investigating, charging, and prosecuting offenders.

⚖️ Definition:

Criminal law is a system of laws concerned with punishment of individuals who commit crimes. It distinguishes between lawful and unlawful behavior.

🔍 Main Objectives:

1. Protection of Society – To prevent harm and ensure public order.

2. Punishment – To penalize offenders appropriately.

3. Deterrence – To discourage others from committing similar offenses.

4. Rehabilitation – To reform offenders for reintegration into society.

5. Justice – To ensure fairness and uphold victims’ rights.

📘 Types of Crimes:

1. Against Person – Murder, assault, kidnapping, rape.

2. Against Property – Theft, burglary, arson, vandalism.

3. Against the State – Treason, terrorism, sedition.

4. White-Collar Crimes – Fraud, embezzlement, money laundering.

5. Cyber Crimes – Hacking, identity theft, cyberbullying.

⚙️ Stages of Criminal Proceedings:

1. Investigation – Police inquiry and evidence collection.

2. FIR (First Information Report) – Official record of complaint.

3. Charge Sheet – Formal accusation filed by police.

4. Trial – Court examination of evidence and witnesses.

5. Judgment – Court’s decision (conviction or acquittal).

6. Appeal – Right to challenge judgment in higher courts.